Answers to lectures 5, 7, 8

Answer to Lecture 5 – Health Plan OperationsIn the article released by Healthcare Price, Cost and Utilization Benchmarks entitled ‘Study Reveals Best Practice In Plan Administrations’, it was stated how Sherlock Company conducted a very innovative study on more than 1,700 statistical data of finance and operations (Study reveals best practice in plan administration, 2006, p.214).   From the given article, if I were to pick only three operating metrics, which I would use in monitoring a health care plan, I would choose the following metrics:Membership growth rate – This is very important, since it reveals the highest rate of membership growth, which is directly connected to the total marketing and commission costs.   Going over the advertising & promotion, the average group size, the total marketing, and the commissions would make way for lower advertising costs, which would deliver greater privileges of producing higher profits and income.Total Costs of Market – This is also very important, since it reveals the overall cost of marketing, from advertising costs to product development and marketing research.   It would reveal the customer satisfaction rate, and would be linked to membership growth rate and group growth rate.   Higher costs mean growth for the product.Local Market Share – This cannot be abandoned as well, especially that it shows the rates of marketing and members, wherein greater rates mean fewer opportunities for brokers.   Market share would reveal the approximate number of employees, as revealed in the study (Study reveals best practice, 2006, p.214).   This influences the total cost of marketing, which would directly influence savings and profit.The membership growth rate, the total costs of market, and the local market share are three of the most important metrics that can be used in monitoring health care plans.   They are directly linked to one another, and producing one without the ot her would be almost useless.   The whole picture is drawn by comparing the three most basic metrics as a whole.Answer to Lecture 7 – Public Sector Managed Care  In the article released by Managed Healthcare Executive, and written by Jill Wechsler (2007), it revealed how the Congress pushed through its legislation to entail the Health and Human Services or HHS to â€Å"negotiate directly with pharmaceutical companies on prices for medications covered by the Medicare drug benefit† (Wechsler, 2007).   The ‘non-interference’ act of the Medicare Modernization Act or MMA was replaced with the HR 4, with a requirement for the government to negotiate prices of drug manufacturers on prescription drug plans and the Medicare Advantage drug plans.From what it appears, the federal government’s act of negotiating drug prices on behalf of Medicare beneficiaries is a good and sensible act.   Medicare is a government health care project.   It concerns medi cal privileges that are to be scattered among its legal citizens, and would, therefore, need proper execution of prices, products, and the market.   A failure in this aspect would not only affect the citizens of the present era but also those that would avail it in the future.   As spoken by Sen. Baucus, the act would also produce â€Å"better prices for seniors† (Wechsler, 2007), so that it reflects a good and sensible act, so long as there is a rightful cause and target for each of the projects and legislations involved.Certain monopoly drugs need greater attention and supervision by the government, which Wechsler proposes as the â€Å"certain unique drugs where the market fails to provide seniors with affordable medicines† (2007).   A targeted legislation will do no harm—even to the ongoing market competition—if the pharmaceutical companies are treated evenly and fairly, not as an interference to the marketing environment, but as a way to manage the environment more effectively without the use of tricks.   However, this would also mean that what Wechsler (2007) indicated as a ‘limited clout’ would have to be improved for greater liberty on the side of the pharmaceutical companies.   Limiting their capacity should give rise to other opportunities that can be made available, other than their freedom to negotiate prices.Answer to Lecture 8 – Trends and Current IssuesIn the article released by the HealthLeaders Magazine entitled ‘5 Intersections’, Jim Molpus revealed that â€Å"Healthcare is approaching a hopeful turning point in 2006†¦ the intersection of extreme cost pressures with improving technology† (2006).   He described the ‘high cost and poor quality’ of the healthcare industry, saying that ‘optimism’ would make way for future influences and development that build some ‘propitious intersections’ and what Molpus called â€Å"a nav igable healthcare system† (2006).There are five trends that would most probably arise in terms of healthcare management: first is the explosion of P4P or pay for performance, which is improving nowadays, as stated by the CMS; second is the improvement of quality of healthcare service, especially since only 55% of the total amount of patients in U.S.A. receives recommended care service (Molpus, 2006); third is the decline of what he called the ‘mess-information era’, where the dispense of healthcare information will center more on consumer needs; fourth is the growing force of the uninsured, wherein the middle class is also being swept down among the list of the uninsured; fifth and final trend is that the stakeholders will start in becoming more self-interested, together with the growth of the P4P programs (Molpus, 2006).If I were to choose mainly one of the five trends that appear to be the most important for the country at the present era, it would definitely be the fourth trend, which speaks of the growing force and number of the uninsured.   This appears to be the most significant among the five listed under trend because it is the most powerful evidence that is available, which would prove that the healthcare industry is in critical need for some quality improvement, some redesigning and reinvention.   It is the most powerful force that would influence the explosion of P4P, the improvement of quality, the decline of the mess-information, as well as the booming of more self-interested stakeholders.   There are 45.8 Americans that are without adequate health insurances (Molpus, 2006), and this should trigger forces among its citizens.ReferencesMolpus, J. (2006, December). 5 Intersections. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from the HealthLeaders Media database: http://www.healthleadersmedia.com/content/81594/topic/WS_HLM2_MAG/5-Intersections.html.Study reveals best practice in plan administrations. (2006). Healthcare Price, Cost and Utilizat ion Benchmarks, 4, 214-215.Wechsler, J. (2007, February). Congress moves to curb Medicare drug spending. Retrieved March 30, 2008, from the Managed Healthcare Executive database: http://managedhealthcareexecutive.modernmedicine.com/mhe/Politics+and+Policy/Congress-moves-to-curb-Medicare-drug-spending/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/401866.

October Sky Essay

Having confidence in yourself versus listening to others can be beneficial in your dreams. Homer Hickam, a 17 year old young man from Coalwood, West Virginia, struggles with his wants and everyone else’s wants. Homer is looking to achieve his personal goals of freedom, determination, and in search of confidence. Homer is looking for a better life outside of Coalwood, with the opportunity of freedom from the mining town. Homer has a hard time keeping his morals in perspective as his father discourages him to work on the rockets, making him even more determined to succeed. At the same Homer is trying to gain the confidence to follow his goals despite his father’s requests. Choice of Freedom Homer’s opportunity for freedom starts on October 4, 1957, while he sits watching the Sputnik launch into orbit from the television. As he starts his journey, he realizes that his father does not want to hear of his quest. This creates a new challenge for Homer to accomplish freedom. For example, Homer sets his goal with freedom from Coalwood. It all starts with the statement from Homer’s father, â€Å"Can’t dream your way out of Coalwood†. With this statement Homer looks at this as a challenge and starts to design and build his rocket. He starts with risking his own reputation in high school as he sits down next to Quentin. From there it starts as a journey for himself to become something more. Ms. Riley starts to see the interest Homer has with rockets and the potential. She approaches him with the idea of the County Science Fair. A promise if you win you will go onto Nationals in Indianapolis. This is his first small taste of freedom for Homer. AUK 1; first rocket begins production; this is Homer’s attempt to leave Coalwood and be somebody. The next thing Homer realizes is his father does not approve. As they get into an argument, Homer states† I’m never going down there†, referring to the coal mines. With the start of this disagreement, it encourages Homer to strive even more to gain his freedom with rebellion. Determination over Pride Homer and Quentin start to review the process of the rocket. They were recently blamed for one of their rockets going missing and creating a forest fire. After Homer reviews all concepts, he realizes there is no way that rocket could have created that fire. With that, his determination kicks in, and they prove they did not do it. With that concern behind him he then focuses back on the rockets and starts again where it all began; the basement of his home. As his father approaches him on missing work that day to prove to Mr. Turner the principal and Ms Riley they didn’t start the fire; his father wants him back in the mines. With that Homer responds â€Å"I don’t work there anymore†. He stands his ground with his father. After the fight begins between Homer and his father; Homer yells at his father with anger and determination. His pride has been left aside for this moment. â€Å"The coal mine is your life, not mine†. Homer realizes his goal and dreams are closer than he ever thought. His determination gets the best of him as Homer states he will never look back and can’t wait to leave. Once again that taste of freedom is in his reach with the determination stirring him straight ahead. Just for him to gather the strength to take on his father and say what he feels was a major accomplishment to what he wants in his life. His determination becomes stronger once his father gets shot at by a town male due to the union strikes at the mine. He does not want to stay in Coalwood as he knows in time it will dry up and the mine will shut down. Homer realizes his determination once he stays up all night finding the way to prove they didn’t set the forest fire with that rocket. His main focus is proving his father wrong; he will be somebody. People in town felt the only ones who leave are the athletic ones on scholarships. Homer is setting his determination in proving to the town they are wrong in believing in this theory. He had determination to win even when all his items were stolen at the National Convention. Confidence in Hiding Homer’s confidence is compiled as he gets the support of his father, the one person he was seeking approval from. Once Homer won the National Science Fair; his confidence was surpassed by the meeting of his icon Warren Van Braun. Then to know he had won; scouts for colleges were approaching him as he walked out with his new medal. He had proven the town wrong with achieving such a goal. Once Homer returned back to Coalwood the town greeted him and applauded him on his victory. Homer was not a jock who just received a scholarship from a college; no he was a 17 year old boy who became a man overnight. For once the attention was focused on Homer and not his brother Jim who received a scholarship for football. Homer approaches his father at the mine after he realized his dad did not welcome him home. Homer walks up to him to invite him to the last rocket shooting event; his father makes a comment to him â€Å"How was it meeting your hero? † His father did this with a snide remark almost of jealously. Homer does not stand down he approaches his father with confidence that he done the unimaginable. Homer states back to him about the qualities of being hard headed and stubborn they are very much alike. In the closing statement Homer responds with â€Å"I come to believe I got it in me to be somebody in this world†. Van Braun is not his hero, his father is the man he looks up to. â€Å"I hope to be half the man you are† Homer’s final comment as he walks away to shoot the rocket. The town gains confidence in Homer’s dream. They supported him when it came to when someone stole his items from the convention. Everyone pulled together to show their support for Homer. Mr. Ballard was the one who spent the extra time to get this piece remade to his mother stepping up to his father to end the strike to have this done. Homer saw this display of support which built his confidence even more. Keep Shooting for the Stars Freedom, determination, and confidence are what make a dream come true. Homer realized all these qualities to help him keep his focus to achieving his goal. As the town gathers for the final shooting of the rocket, Homer watches for a certain person to arrive. He sees everyone arriving; he starts to walk towards Valentine, Dorothy walks up to him and offers a date with her. Homer has gained confidence enough to see what is the most important things in his life. Valentine was one who was there for him when Dorothy rejected him for his brother all over a scholarship for football. Dorothy was only seeking an easy way out. As he starts to thank the town for all their support he pauses after he says his thank you to his mother as right then his father arrives. Homer then walks up to his father and offers him to push the rocket launch button. AS they walk towards to safe house for the rocket launching his father puts his hand on his shoulder. This was a new sign of confidence for Homer as his father approves. In the end the Rocket Boy’s all achieve greatness. The most important person is Homer; he received his scholarship then completed college. He later in life achieves the goal of becoming NASA engineer who trains the astronauts for space shuttle missions. Homer made the sentence â€Å"I come to believe I got it in me to be somebody in this world† a true statement.

Should corporal punishment be permitted in public schools Essay

Should corporal punishment be permitted in public schools - Essay Example In psychology, it is a proven observation that a man’s self-awareness changes over time as they are exposed to the environment, which could facilitate their learning. This is evident in cognitive, behavioral and humanistic perspectives in psychology that try to point out that the environment plays a crucial role in the child’s developmental stage particularly in their learning process (Feldman, 2003). This therefore tries to stand in contradiction against Foster’s claim that a punishment may not be an effective deterrent. In psychology, punishment may facilitate learning (Feldman, 2003). In addition, self-awareness develops over time with age (Feldman, 2003). Considering this point, it is therefore important to include the idea that the level of learning may not be equal to all people especially among children of varying ages. There are those children who could not totally relate with punishment and there are those who could manage to understand it. As a result, some children may be able to learn from their experience with punishment and others may not, which may depend on the prevailing age due to the issue of self-awareness and its development. Considering this point, Foster might have been trying to generalise the issue. In fact, a certain study reveals that in general there is reduction of disruptive behaviors with the employment of disciplinary interventions among alomost 80 percent of the subjects (Marzano, Marzano & Pickering, 2003, p.78). Although this evidence requires further validation, but the point is that there are considerable studies needed in order to justify whatever claims concerning punishment and deterrent. There are other methodological concerns and scientific considerations that need to be taken into account the moment there is a relevant push to knowing whether corporal punishment is effective most importantly in public schools. Furthermore, punishment requires reinforcement for it to be effective. This is a remarkab le suggestion based on a study employing combined punishment and reinforcement in correcting misbehaviours (Marzano, Marzano & Pickering, 2003, p.78). This means for instance that after a child receives a punishment, there should be somebody who must be skilled enough to explain clearly to the subject concerning why there is a need to inflict punishment. This should suppose to help the child understand the point why he is punished in the first place. As a result, if children clearly understand the reason behind caning in schools, it would condensed within their innermost understanding that they just have to behave in the class. They would learn to realise that not being able to behave is not normal especially if they are in the classroom or inside the school premises where the ultimate reason why they are there is to learn good things. For them to learn, then they have to conduct themselves well. Employing punishment could help establish this mindset in schools. Now here is the ulti mate reason why corporal punishment should be permitted in public schools. Students need discipline. It is not inhumane if they are punished for as long as the ultimate reas

Diverse Families Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diverse Families - Movie Review Example Extended family includes, Karen and Jack. Karen Walker is Grace’s receptionist who is bisexual. Jack is a gay struggling actor and friend of Will. It is a situational comedy with homosexuality as the main theme. But what I love about the serial is its human relationship that transcends sexual orientation, cultural and racial paradigms. Karen with her bitchiness and Jack with his flamboyant character and who has tried his hand on all types of job, excel in their characters. Jack’s relationship with Will and Karen’s attraction to Jack all add up to hilarious anecdotes. A family with parents and 2 siblings who would welcome, love and support an 18 years old smart long haired guy, who loves to dress in feminine clothes. Preference would be given to the family where mother is black and both siblings are girls as I want sisters who would adore me and lend me their dresses when I go to parties with my

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Argument - Essay Example Therefore, despite Socrates and Crito consider that a death sentence was unjust, nothing unjust can be done in return. Next, Socrates makes Crito confirm, that when one makes a contract, the true way would to keep the contract. Then, Socrates explains, that he willingly made such a contract (social contract) about sticking to Athenians decisions, and philosopher lived a whole life willingly keeping the contract. Now, in refer to the same state laws Socrates is sentenced to death, and despite the death sentence may be unjust, the injustice would be to betray the contract by escaping the prison. Such unjust decision will only confirm that Socrates deserves the sentence, and logically, will deprive Socrates life of value. The conclusion Socrates and Crito come with is that Socrates ought not to escape prison against Athenians will. To argue the matter, Socrates firstly found premises, which Crito cannot deny, and then accurately referred a whole argument to those premises. Since Socrates argument was logical, Crito agreed with Socrates point of

Spartacus (1960) The Epic Hero Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spartacus (1960) The Epic Hero - Movie Review Example He also refuses to rape Varinia when she was sent in his cell to entertain him. The film is certainly a product of great work from Stanley Kubrick. The graphic nature of the scenes and the ability to use slow motion especially when Spartacus trains in the arena to be a gladiator is one of the scenes that bring out the director’s technical abilities. High sound quality, especially the scene where Senator Marcus Licinius Crassus addresses the gladiators (Joanna 2). The themes of the callous nature of slavery and the desire for freedom are demonstrated where women are forced into sexual activities, and men are forced to fight to their death, including with their friends. This compels Spartacus and the rest of the slaves to rebel and fight their way out. The manner in which ancient Rome is portrayed by Spartacus is authentic. There is a lot of historical evidence suggesting the injustices of slavery and sexual exploitation in the empire. The director, as well as the screenwriters, used an accurate portrayal of ancient Rome, with instances of exaggeration to make the film more

The Role of Social Institutions in Society Essay - 1

The Role of Social Institutions in Society - Essay Example The infrastructure of education uses a model of standardized testing and curriculum to ensure that students across the country share the same ideological framework. The education system is invasive because it controls the methodology through which individuals perceive history and the function of other institutions that make up the social nexus (Berger, 1966). For example, the dissemination of information regarding the history of mankind focuses on the history of nation states (Berger, 1966). This creates a society where individuals believe that the existence of a government is inevitable and are therefore not capable of perceiving a reality that extends beyond it. The deepest values of society are taught within this institution, from political organizations to capitalism. Regardless of the political party that individuals align with or the method through which they accumulate capital, they still value participation within these systems (Berger, 1966). Social values are shared by indi viduals who make up community. Such values help define the parameters of a culture and characterize the individuals within it. The educational system is an effective social institution that helps embed such values in growing citizens. As a social institution, the educational system is the most pervasive as well as the most effective at ingraining social values in individuals. Works Cited Berger, P. L. and T.

Sotfware Trends Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sotfware Trends - Coursework Example More consumers are using tablets due to their portability and efficiency, and this pressurizes companies to accommodate the change (Gartner Group, 2015). Additionally, Gartner Group suggests that infinite data centers are emerging companies therefore should analyze asset use and support upgrades rather that considering fresh recycle. It is agreeable that energy management is a worrying concern because the rate of consumption of energy does not match the rate of production. There is a need to have energy information management systems to balance energy production and consumption. In the future, the increase in the use of mobile devices will make portals, data centers, and personal clouds shrink. Gartner Group further predicts integration of hybrid clouds in both the public and private systems. Fabric data centers integrating many common IT elements will also emerge to enjoy pooling of resources globally. The Increase in functionality causes the nature of the technology become more sophisticated than before. The future of software packages is in the â€Å"clouds.† Software applications will offer customer access to online platforms. The applications will have boundaries that empower customers in their interaction with production companies in facilitating reverse logistics. As organizations evolve, they face the challenge of acquiring sufficient and reliable storage space for their data. The problem will call for the creation of software that can handle massive data (Fujita & Gavrilova, 2011). In conclusion, users expect real-time solutions and more user-friendly software with improved interaction with humans, and this is the preview of what the future world of software development holds in store. Gartner Group, (2015).  10 Tech Trends Through 2015.  Photo Gallery. Retrieved 13 April 2015, from http://www.information-management.com/gallery/gartner-cloud-storage-big-data-

Discuss, with reference to relevant academic literature, how a tax Essay

Discuss, with reference to relevant academic literature, how a tax system might be designed to combat avoidance and evasion - Essay Example Tax evasion and avoidance have become common and is raising concerns over the effective funding of government administrative functions. It is therefore imperative that the government develop strategies that would help it reduce the cases of tax evasion and avoidance as this is eating into the country’s financial policies. People who deliberately avoid tax by hiding their wealth and income tend to pose a great challenge to the society. In the country’s effort to adjust the economy and eliminate the balance of payment deficit, it is essential to detect and follow up tax evaders and ensuring that they pay up. The world is currently experiencing technologically-driven transformation in the way business is done. The private sector is a pioneer in technology application in daily business operation including honoring of tax obligations. It is therefore advisable that the government need to seek collaboration with the private sector to develop a workable technologically driven mechanism of curbing the tax evasion menace. One of the greatest challenges is the range of data available. The government need to formulate a legal structure that is able to capture the property and assets of various entities in the country so that it can easily close down on the tax avoiders. This may be achieved through the use of sophisticated technology to analyze the purchase of property, bank loans, individual and corporate tax returns (Koniordos, 2005). The government may also target bank accounts and the employment data with the aim of identifying asset property, mark and trace financial transactions that raises suspicion and point out those who are trying to keep their wealth and income off the sight of the authorities with the aim of evading tax. Incorporation of technology in implementing tax policies also means that resources will be freed and skilled manpower from the private sector will enhance chances of rounding up tax evaders. Past records indicate that by 2010 rev iew of the UK government’s spending, over ? 900 million to attempt to solve the problem of tax avoidance, evasion, economic fraud through increasing the size of the human capital base on this issue, invest in more skills, increase the use of data from a third party and consistently develop mechanism of tackling the slippery tax evaders and the hidden wealth. By 2012, the government stepped up its campaign of challenging the citizens to honor the tax obligation in the spirit of boosting economic growth for the general welfare of the society. The efforts of the government to apply various tax policies have always been ineffective and this explains why further remedial measures are needed. The governments of UK has been making many efforts to exploit the opportunities offered by the available data and modern technology to unveil the hidden wealth and income and to hasten its efforts in curbing tax evasion. One of the approaches that can yield better results is curtailing offshor e banking fraud that is one of the greatest loopholes of tax evasion. The government need to access data with the aim of identifying linkages of such foreign accounts to some people. If the account holders are found out they should be compelled by the government to pay interest on top of taxes so far unpaid as a penalty. The actions that are important to recover such unpaid taxes entails co-ordination with foreign countries’

MGMT499 U3IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT499 U3IP - Research Paper Example 1. Monitoring performance is graded as mediocre level because this is linked with all employees and it cannot be managed by one person properly. Influences of various persons as supervisor in this matter are the cause of complex and trouble for determination of commerce. 2. Setting fair standard is categorized as average level because this procedure is performed by all relevant persons with exactness and accuracy. People can make their life pleasant with this technique because this is cause of better performance in the community. 3. Quality overview is graded high because this is observable in the market and public opinion is favorable in this matter. People can make their businesses successful by realization of quality matters that are essential for business sensation. 4. Measuring performance is categorized as poor because its determination is not easy and simple. Authorized people are not performing their duties accurately as they are unable to measure performances with exactness and success. 5. Average grading is awarded for strategies to improve performance criterion. The major cause of this grading is mentioned as everyone like to make performance level better in the market but implementation of recommendations is not performed by all people. 6. Production decision criterion is graded as mediocre because professionalism demands to all people to present better products in the market. This status is also involved in the sensation of business because this is major cause of attaining customer attraction. 7. Pricing decision criterion is shown with average level because this is managed proper consideration of market status. This is confirmed that those people which have running their business plans with average level are managed with market status that is highly influenced in pricing matters. 8. Average level is assigned for input & output decision criterion because a common running of business is based of

Writing To Entertain - Commentary Essay Example for Free

Writing To Entertain Commentary Essay The piece entitled Lets Talk About Sex is a piece written to simply entertain its audience. The text is in no way formal or serious, as it is written for a mens magazine and deals with modern issues in a modern way. The readers of this text are intended to be predominantly male between the ages of 16 and 35. The ideal reader of this text would be a stereotypical man who is looking for a light read during his lunch break at the office. The text itself is very euphoric, and arouses many emotions in the reader as he/she progresses through the article. For example, sympathy arises within the reader when they read the opening paragraph (Tuesday, and I pace up and down the bar of my.). Sympathy is created here as the audience can relate to what the author is experiencing, there is no one I can think of who hasnt been set a task of which they do not know how to complete. Sympathy is also created in this paragraph when the reader discovers the authors job severely lacks excitement. The sentence, A couple of hours pass and Ive had no progress, still behind the bar, still waiting for a customer to lighten up my day, uses repetition to emphasise the boredom that I used to go through whilst stood at that bar. Once again, this allows the audience to connect with the text as most people have had a long, laborious day at work at some point or another. These negative emotions are short lived however, as excitement is created by t he use of the metaphor, Like a chicken in a slaughter house, suddenly realising its purpose in life. This crude sense of humour is very male and was used with the intention of capturing the right target audience. The text continues to exploit human emotions to capture its audience throughout. The style of the text is obviously informal; it is designed to be the sort of read a man would want to bring him down to earth after a day in a busy working environment. I did this in several ways. Firstly, I avoided using long and heavy sentences. All the sentences that I used were very pithy, having an intended meaning without dragging on. The use of short sentences and paragraphs makes the text very fast paced and snappy, so that the reader is not bogged down with thoughts about how a specific sentence is supposed to be interpreted and thus keeping the readers interest alive throughout the entire article. Frameworking was especially important to consider whilst writing this text. The lexis used could not be complicated, as the target audience would not appreciate confusing words, which they may or may not understand. The use of much hyperbole was implemented to keep the excitement flowing, thus entertaining the audience further. You can see the use of hyperbole in the sentence, With sheer determination, and the risk of handing in my coursework late, I give a mighty roar and run into the abyss. Semantics and Pragmatics were also used throughout the text. For example, in the sentence that I described above (With sheer determination, and the risk), the obvious meaning is that I actually roared and ran into a smoke filled field of battle. The harsh reality of this is that I was actually telling myself to ignore the stigmas attached to online dating, but the pragmatics of the sentence keep the article witty and humorous, which in my opinion are key aspects of writing to entertain. To look at another example of semantics versus pragmatics, you can observe the use of socialect in the text. Words such as Whack are used to emphasise pace, slang such as crap are used to connect with the audiences way of speaking, and to make them feel more at home with the text. As I mentioned at the start of this commentary, the article is very euphoric. This was purposely done to help the audience to connect with the piece. For example, when I discovered that one of my contacts was nothing like what I had expected her to be, I made sure that I emphasised the shock I experienced in my writing. Click the link and Holy Crap! Shes Huge!. I also decided to defy the laws of English language here and use a little graphology to replace them. Instead of using one capital H for the word Holy, I decided to capitalise the start of each word to emphasise this shock. Connecting with the audience is a major part of entertaining, so I made sure I did lots of it. To tighten the knot between reader and text, I decided to throw in a little sarcasm and irony (attributes which are constantly used by todays comedians), just for good measure. Sarcasm is used to deceive the audience, and then surprise them with something they did not expect. A good example of this is clear in the sentences, I get through the door of my 4 bedroom house and receive a warm welcome. Washing up needs doing you lazy arse!. Irony is used to get the audience to sympathise with what I was going through at the time. Everybody knows that when you type something as simple as Online Dating Agencies into google.com, youre going to get millions of results. But by ignoring this fact and doing it anyway, I could develop irony and make the reader of the text scream out aloud you should of known that was going to happen!. I have many hopes for this piece of writing. Firstly, I obviously hope it gets me a good grade, but I also hope that it achieves its aim; to entertain, without being superficial. Unfortunately, due to a series of nasty illnesses on my part and some mix-ups with teachers, I was unable to accompany this text with the graphology I had planned due to time constraints. I had planned to set this article into a replica of a page in the best selling (and one of my personal favourites) mens magazine; FHM. Despite this, I have thoroughly enjoyed writing this piece, and hope you have had as much pleasure in reading it.

Ethics Log Essay Example for Free

Ethics Log Essay I was out shopping with a friend and saw something that struck me as very unethical. We were eating at the mall and the manager at one of the fast food places at the food court was given extra money then was due by a customer that was directly ahead of my friend in line. Instead of giving the lady back the extra money he pocketed the money. I know that we are in a financially hard time, but still the man should have told the women that she gave him too much money instead of pocketing the difference. It made me promptly decide to eat at a different place that day. September 15, 2008: I was struck today by something that made me have faith in other people. A man was rushing to leave a store and his wallet dropped out of his pocket. Two teenagers were standing around and watching the people going in and out and they both saw what happened. One of them walked over and picked up the wallet. I thought that the kid was going to pocket the money in the wallet, but instead he walked over to where the man was still putting groceries into his car. He handed the man his wallet and told him that he saw it fall out of his pocket. The man thanked him and offered him a reward. The kid shook his head and said a reward wasn’t necessary. Most of the time teenagers are given a bad name, but seeing that kid be as honest as he was made me feel good knowing that our future are the hands of kids like that. September 22, 2008: I was taking my mother to the doctor and I saw something that seemed to me to be very unethical. Two nurses were waiting for the elevator and they were discussing patients, using the first names of those patients. No one else was around the elevator, so these two women must have thought they were alone. I couldn’t believe my ears, because they were talking in very load tones and telling each other about the details of each patient. I know that doctors are held to strict ethical standards and I thought nurses were too. Anyone could have been listening to these two women gossiping. They finally stopped when I cleared my throat and gave them a look. September 29, 2008: I was watching the evening news and one story struck me as interesting. It was a story about a building contractor who had used substandard materials on some houses that he had built. The people who had bought these homes found mold and parts of their houses were falling down so that living in these homes were dangerous to the occupants. I have always believed that building contractors had an ethical right to use materials that would ensure a safe environment for the people that buy the finished homes. It seems this man cared more for the end dollar that he received then for the quality of building he produced. October 6, 2008: I was watching the news the other night and I saw a story about a psychologist that was being accused of having a relationship with a patient. I was appalled at this fact since psychologists are people who should realize how unethical something like that is. Doctors are in a position of authority over their patients and as such should not abuse hat authority by becoming involved with their patients. The psychologist is facing criminal charges and will probably have his license to practice psychology revoked. I was shocked and outraged by this story and it made me wonder what had to be going through the man’s head to get into such a situation as this where he ahs put his professional life and the reputation of his family in jeopardy. October 14, 2008: I was shopping this weekend and I saw something that struck me not only as ethical but as an example of the goodness in people. I was walking down the street from store to the next and in an alleyway there was a man who for all intents and purposes was homeless or he appears that way. As I was walking I had to stop and answer my cell phone and in vainly trying to find my phone everything in my bag fell out and spilled all over the sidewalk. This man, who was dirty from his head to his feet, came over and started helping me pick things up. I was in such a rush that I didn’t notice that my credit card had bounced in the shadows. I gave the man a curt thank you and was walking away when I heard the man come up behind me. I thought at first he was going to try and do something to me (we all don’t like to admit it but stereotypes sometimes linger in the back of the man about homeless people), and turned ready to hit the man when he smiled toothlessly at me and told me I had dropped my credit card. This man could have pocketed the card, but he chose to do the ethical and right thing of returning the card to me. October 20, 2008: An article that I read recently stuck me as very unethical practices. It was an article on how Treasury Secretary Paulson was utilizing his old Wall Street firm as a way to investigate the goings on of other Wall Street firms. The problem then is that it gives other people the idea that now Paulson’s old firm has their hands in the proverbial Treasury Cookie Jar. That kind of practice is not just unethical but wrong. The United States Treasury is something that has to investigate firms and by allowing a Wall Street firm to be seen as having ties in the department of Treasury gives the idea that the department of the Treasury is biased and will allow this firm to get by with everything and there will not be any repercussions. October 27, 2008: I was reading an article in the newspaper and came across a story about a court case in which the case had to be dismissed because the evidence that was collected was tainted. Apparently when he evidence was collected, it was misplaced and then found two days later. This struck me as highly unethical, since from my understanding when something like that happens it’s hard to know if it is really from the crime or if it had been planted. It also struck me as unethical because evidence should not be contaminated or last in order to make sure questions are not raised in the long run. November 3, 2008: I read in the newspaper about a new school curriculum that has been used at some schools around the nation. Building Decision Skills (BDS) that had â€Å"potentially positive effects† on students. This curriculum targets character education, strengthens critical thinking skills, builds leadership skills, and focuses on teaching students the best way to make ethical decisions as they enter the high school setting and are affected more by peer pressure. I remember my own high school days and how tough it can be when surrounded by friends that want you to make a decision that you don’t feel comfortable with. Ethical behavior after all is learning the right way to do something or the right choice to make when in a given situation. This new curriculum will help students with those kinds of situations. November 10, 2008: The newspaper had an interesting story about the Emperor’s Club and the case against the New York attorney general Eliot Spitzer and his charges for hiring prostitutes. Tania Hollander, the VIP scheduler for the club, also had to take responsibility in the unethical behavior of the attorney general. Ms. Hollander will face jail time for her part in this case, while the New York attorney general was cleared of the charges against him. The attorney for Ms. Hollander made a point of insinuating that this kind of nonsense was unethical in the least because it gives the public the idea that the New York attorney general is being given a slap on the wrist because of his position as an attorney general. Abuse of position such as this is always an unfair and unethical practice.

Wavelet Packet Feature Extraction And Support Vector Machine Psychology Essay

Wavelet Packet Feature Extraction And Support Vector Machine Psychology Essay ABSTRACT- The aim of this work is an automatic classification of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by using statistical features extraction and support vector machine. From a real database, two sets of EEG signals are used: EEG recorded from a healthy person and from an epileptic person during epileptic seizures. Three important statistical features are computed at different sub-bands discrete wavelet and wavelet packet decomposition of EEG recordings. In this study, to select the best wavelet for our application, five wavelet basis functions are considered for processing EEG signals. After reducing the dimension of the obtained data by linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis, feature vectors are used to model and to train the efficient support vector machine classifier. In order to show the efficiency of this approach, the statistical classification performances are evaluated, and a rate of 100% for the best classification accuracy is obtained and is compa red with those obtained in other studies for the same data set. Keywords- EEG; Discrete Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packet Transform, Support Vector Machine, Statistical analysis, classification. 1. Introduction In neurology, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive test of brain function that is mostly used for the diagnosis and classification of epilepsy. The epilepsy episodes are a result of excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects over 50 million people worldwide and in developing countries, three fourths of people with epilepsy may not receive the treatment they need [1]. In clinical decisions, the EEG is related to initiation of therapy to improve quality of epileptic patients life. However, EEG signals occupy a huge volume and the scoring of long-term EEG recordings by visual inspection, in order to classify epilepsy, is usually a time consuming task. Therefore, many researchers have addressed the problem of automatic detection and classification of epileptic EEG signals [2, 3]. Different studies have shown that EEG signal is a non-stationary process and non-linear features are extracted fr om brain activity recordings in order to specific signal characteristics [2, 4, 5, 6]. Then these features are used as input of classifiers [11]. Subasi in [7] used the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficient of normal and epileptic EEG segments in a modular neural network called mixture of expert. For the same EEG data set, Polat and Gà ¼nes [8] used the feature reduction methods including DWT, autoregressive and discrete Fourier transform. In Subasi and Gursoy [9], the dimensionality of the DWT features was reduced using principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The resultant features were used to classify normal and epilepsy EEG signals using support vector machine. Jahankhani, Kodogiannis and Revett [10] have obtained feature vectors from EEG signals by DWT and performed the classification by multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function network. Wavelet packet transform (WPT) appears as one of most promising methods as shown by a great number of works in the literature [11] particularly for ECG signals and relatively fewer, for EEG signals. In [12], Wang, Miao and Xie used wavelet packet entropy method to extract features and K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) classifier. In this work, both DWT and WPT split non stationary EEG signals into frequency sub-bands. Then a set of statistical features such as standard deviation, energy and entropy from real database EEG recordings were computed from e ach decomposition level to represent time-frequency distribution of wavelet coefficients. LDA and PCA are applied to these various parameters allowing a data reduction. These features were used as an input to efficient SVM classifier with two discrete outputs: normal person and epileptic subject. A measure of the performances of these methods is presented. The remaining of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the data set of EEG signals used in our work. In Section 3, preliminaries are presented for immediate reference. This is followed by the step up of our experiments and the results in section 4. Finally, some concluding remarks are given in Section 5. 2. DATA SELECTION We have used the EEG data taken from the artifact free EEG time series database available at the Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn [23]. The complete dataset consists of five sets (denoted A-B-C-D-E). Each set contains100 single-channel EEG signals of 23,6s. The normal EEG data was obtained from five healthy volunteers who were in the relaxed awake state with their eyes open (set A). These signals were obtained from extra-cranially surface EEG recordings in accordance with a standardized electrode placement. Set E contains seizure activity, selected from all recording sites exhibiting ictal activity. All EEG signals were recorded with the same 128 channel amplifier system and digitized at 173.61Hz sampling. 12 bit analog-to-digital conversion and band-pass (0.53-40 Hz) filter settings were used. For a more detailed description, the reader can refer to [13]. In our study, we used set A and set E from the complete dataset. Raw EEG signal Feature extraction: Energy, Entropy and Standard deviation from DWT and WPT decom-position coefficients Dimensionality reduction by LDA and PCA Classification and Performance measure Healthy Epileptic Figure 1 The flow chart of the proposed system 3. methods The proposed method consists of three main parts: (i) statistical feature extraction from DWT and from WPT decomposition coefficients, (ii) dimensionality reduction using PCA and LDA, and (iii) EEG classification using SVM. The flow chart of the proposed method is given in figure 1. Details of the pre-processing and classification steps are examined in the following subsections. 3.1 Analysis using DWT and WPT Since the EEG is a highly non-stationary signal, it has been recently recommended the use of time-frequency domain methods [14]. Wavelet transform can be used to decompose a signal into sub-bands with low frequency (approximate coefficients) and sub-bands with high frequency (detailed coefficients) [15, 16, 17]. Under discrete wavelet transform (DWT), only approximation coefficients are decomposed iteratively by two filters and then down-sampled by 2. The first filter h[.] is a high-pass filter which is the mirror of the second low pass filter l[.]. DWT gives a left recursive binary tree structure. We processed 16 DWT coefficients. Wavelet packet transform (WPT) is an extension of DWT that gives a more informative signal analysis. By using WPT, the lower, as well as the higher frequency bands are decomposed giving a balanced tree structure. The wavelet packet transform generates a full decomposition tree, as shown in figure 2. In this work, we performed five-level wavelet packet deco mposition. The two wavelet packet orthogonal bases at a parent node (i, p) are obtained from the following recursive relationships Eq. (1) and (2), where l[n] and h[n] are low (scale) and high (wavelet) pass filter, respectively; i is the index of a subspaces depth and p is the number of subspaces [15]. The wavelet packet coefficients corresponding to the signal x(t) can be obtained from Eq. (3), l (3,0) (3,1)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(3,6) (3,7) h l h l h l h h l h l h l SIGNAL (0,0) (1,0) (1,1) (2,0) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) Figure 2 Third level wavelet packet decomposition of EEG signal Table 1 gives the frequency bands for each level of WPT decomposition. Figures 3 and 4 show the fifth level wavelet packet decomposition of EEG segments, according to figure 2. We processed 32 WPT coefficients. Therefore, in this study, three statistical parameters: energy feature (En), the measure of Shannon entropy (Ent) and standard deviation (Std) are computed, (4) (5) (6) 3.2 Principal component analysis To make a classifier system more effective, we use principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. The purpose of its implementation is to derive a small number of uncorrelated principal components from a larger set of zero-mean variables, retaining the maximum possible amount of information from the original data. Formally, the most common derivation of PCA is in terms of standardized linear projection, which maximizes the variance in the projected space [18, 19]. For a given p-dimensional data set X, the m principal axes W1,†¦,Wm where 1≠¤ m≠¤ p, are orthogonal axes onto which the retained variance is maximum in the projected space. Generally, W1,†¦,Wm can be given by the m leading eigenvectors of the sample Table1 Frequency band of each wavelet decomposition level. Decomposition level Frequency band (Hz) 1 2 3 4 5 0-86.8; 86.8-173.6 0-43.5; 43.5-86.8; 86.3-130.2 ;130.2-173.6 0-21.75; 21.75-43.5; 43.5-54.375; 54.375-86.3; 86.3-108.05; 108.05-130.2; 130.2 130.2-151.95; 151.95-173.6; 0-10.875; 10.875-21.75; 21.75-32.625; 32.625-43.5; 43.5-54.375; 54.375-65.25; 65.25-76.125; 76.125-87; 87-97.875; 97.875-108.75; 108.75-119.625; 119.625-130.5; 130.5-141.375; 141.375-152.25; 152.25-163.125; 163.125-173.6 0-5.44; 5.44-10.875; 10.875-16.31; 16.31-21.75: 21.75-27.19; 27.19-32.625; 32.625-38.06; 38.06-43.5; 43.5-48.94; 48.94-54.375; 54.375-59.81; 59.81-65.25; 65.25-70.69; 70.69-76.125; 76.125-81.56;81.56-87; 87-92.44; 92.44-97.87; 97.87-103.3; 103.3-108.75; 108.75-114.19; 114.19-119.625; 119.625-125.06; 125.06-130.5; 130.5-135.94; 135.94-141.38; 141.38-146.81; 146.81-152.25; 152.25-157.69; 157.69-163.125; 163.125-168.56; 168.56-173.6 covariance matrix where is the sample mean and N is the number of samples, so that SWi= ÃŽ »iWi, where ÃŽ »i is the ith largest eigenvalue of S. The m principal components of a given observation vector xi are given by the reduced feature vector . 3.3 Linear discriminant analysis Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) projects high-dimensional data onto a low-dimensional space where the data can achieve maximum class separability [19]. The aim of LDA is to create a new variable that is a combination of the original predictors, i.e. the derived features in LDA are linear combinations of the original variables, where the coefficients are from the transformation matrix i.e. LDA utilizes a transformation matrix W, which can maximizes the ratio of the between-class scatter matrix SB to the within-class scatter matrix SW, to transform the original feature vectors into lower dimensional feature space by linear transformation. The linear function y= WTx maximizes the Fisher criterion J(W) [19], where xj(i) represents the jth sample of the ith of total c classes. k is the dimension of the feature space, and  µi is the Figure 3 Fifth level wavelet packet decomposition of healthy EEG signal (set A). Figure 4 Fifth level wavelet packet decomposition of epileptic EEG signal (set E). mean of the ith class. Mi is the number of samples within classes i in total number of classes. where is the mean of the entire data set. As a dimensionality reduction method, LDA has also been adopted in this work. 3.4 SVM classifier In this work, SVM [20] has been employed as a learning algorithm due to its superior classification ability. Let n examples S={xi,yi}i=1n, yià Ã‚ µ{-1,+1}, where xi represent the input vectors, yi is the class label. The decision hyperplane of SVM can be defined as (w, b); where w is a weight vector and b a bias. The optimal hyperplane can be written as, where w0 and b0 denote the optimal values of the weight vector and bias. Then, after training, test vector is classified by decision function, To find the optimum values of w and b, it is required to solve the following optimization problem: subject to where ÃŽ ¾i is the slack variable, C is the user-specified penalty parameter of the error term (C>0), and φ the kernel function [21]. A radial basis function (RBF) kernel defined as, was used, where ÏÆ' is kernel parameter defined by the user. 4. results and discussion Before we give the experimental results and discuss our observations, we present three performance measures used to evaluate the proposed classification method. (i) Sensitivity, represented by the true positive ratio (TPR), is defined as (ii) Specificity, represented by the true negative ratio (TNR), is given by, (iii) and average classification accuracy is defined as, (16) where FP and FN represent false positive and false negative, respectively. All the experiments in this work were undertaken over 100 segments EEG time series of 4096 samples for each class set A and set E. There were two diagnosis classes: Normal person and epileptic patient. To estimate the reliability of the proposed model, we utilize ten-fold cross validation method. The data is split into ten parts such that each part contains approximately the same proportion of class samples as in the classification dataset. Nine parts (i.e. 90%) are used for training the classifier, and the remaining part (i.e. 10%) for testing. This procedure is repeated ten times using a different part for testing in each case. As illustrated in Fig.3 and 4, feature vectors were computed from coefficient of EEG signals. Taking energy as feature vector, figure 5 shows that the features of both normal and epileptic EEG signals are mixed. The proposed analysis using wavelets was carried out using MATLAB R2011b. In literature, there is no common suggestion to select a particular wavelet. Therefore, a very important step before classifying EEG signals is to select an appropriate wavelet for our application. Then, five wavelet functions namely Daubechies, Coiflets, Biorthogonal, Symlets and Discrete Meyer wavelets are examined and compared, in order to evaluate the performance of various types of wavelets. Figure 6 shows accuracy, sensitivity and specificity from different wavelets. We see that the best wavelet giving good correct rate is the Db2, Db4, coif3 and Bior1.1.The choice of the mother wavelet is focused on daubechies where the length of the filter is 2N, while coifflet wavelet filter is 6N and biorthogonal wavelet (2N +2). After EEG signal Db2 wavelet decomposition and dimensionality reduction, results of correct rate classification are showed in Table 2. The classification accuracy varies from the optimum value (100%) to a lowest value (87%). The results using standard deviation are the best results obtained and using entropy is better than using energy in EEG signals classification. In this study, experimental results show that linear discriminant analysis based on wavelet packet decomposition improves classification and the optimum SVM results are obtained by using standard deviation feature computed from wavelet packet coefficient and LDA reduction method. For this proposed scheme, the accuracy of the classification is 100%. This method presents a novel contribution and has not yet been presented in the literature. Figure 7 shows the average rate of classification (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity) obtained with different methods of decomposition (DWT or WPT), two reduction methods (LDA or PCA) and three characteristic features (standard deviation, energy, entropy) using the four best wavelet (Db2, Db4, coif3 and Bior1.1). We see that the combination of LDA with standard deviation have an optimum average accuracy rate of 99.90% and combination of standard deviation with PCA reaches 99.50 %. Table 3 gives a summary of the accuracy results obtained by other studies from the same dataset (set A and set E) using extraction of features from EEG signal and their classification. 5. conclusion In this paper, EEG signals were decomposed into time-frequency representations using discrete wavelet transform, wavelet packet transform and statistical features were Figure 5 Energy feature vector coefficient D3versus D2 (adapted from [22]). Table 3 Epilepsy classification accuracies evaluation obtained in literature from the same data sets Authors Method Accuracy (%) [7] Subasi DWT + Mixture of Expert 94.50 [8] Polat and Gà ¼nes DWT+DFT+ Auto-regres-sive model + Decision Tree 99.32 [9] Subasi and Gursoy DWT+PCA+ LDA+ICA +SVM 98.75(PCA) 100(LDA) 99.5(ICA) [12] Wang, Miao and Xie WPT+ Entropy-hierarchical K-NN classification 99,44 [14] ÃÅ"beylà ¯ Burg autoregressive + LS-SVM 99.56 Our method WPT + Standard deviation+ LDA + SVM 100 computed to represent their distribution. The most suitable mother wavelets for feature extraction and classification were found. The selection of the suitable mother wavelet and using reduction methods lead to the improvement of performance of EEG signal classification. It has been shown by experiments that for the SVM and the combination of the standard deviation with LDA have the highest correct classification rate of 100% in comparison with other techniques. The interest in expert systems for detection and classification of epileptic EEG signal is expected to grow more and more in order to assist and strengthen the neurologist in numerous tasks, especially, to reduce the number of selection for classification performance. These promising results encourage us to continue with more depth our study and to apply it to other databases recorded with other diseases.

Periods Of English Literature :: essays research papers

Question: Show how the voices of writers through many centuries of literature have depicted a variety of mentalities and lifestyles. . Centuries could pass, and not many changes could be easily perceived by the common man, as those changes came gradually. Yet those changes can be readily discerned when looking at England as a whole, not looking at parts of history individually. The alterations of life, when looked at from a certain literary viewpoint, can be explained when one looks at the different periods in English literature, seeing the depictions of a certain era through writings that unintentionally convey great varieties in the mentality and lifestyles of the people who lived during that time. From war and violence to the more genteel inclinations of love and peace, English literature has evolved throughout the centuries, most especially if one considers the differences between the Old English, Renaissance and Romantic periods. The Anglo-Saxon history is undoubtedly very interesting to study, as the period spans several centuries and several different inhabitants of the land now known as England. The main characteristic of this time was the heroic ideal, which was the attempt by a hero to do things such as sailing a ship through a storm and taming a horse better than anyone else. The heroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first priority, however, was to always be ready to fight. The Angles were a heathen race, worshipping old Nordic gods and Wyrd (fate). It is very important to remember that it was the Anglo-Saxons who determined the basic language and culture of the English race, therefore it was them that were the foundation upon which literature would stand. The first literature found in the history of this period was during the reign of the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes. It was not really literature, in that it was written down by anybody, in mass-produced copies. The literature back then consisted of songs, sang b y bards, who embellished the story with every telling. It was only in later years that the tales were written down. This came about during the reign of Christianity, where the monks had tried to write down all of the tales that the bards sang, the ancient folk tales of the Anglo-Saxons. The monks also tried to infuse the Anglo-Saxons with a love for Christianity, where the heroes were Christ and his Apostles, by writing poetry such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Cinewulfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Dream of the Roodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?

Free Essays - Memories and Motherhood in Landscape for a Good Woman :: Landscape for a Good Woman Essays

Memories and Motherhood in Landscape for a Good Woman The relevance and subsequent interpretation of memories as they relate to one's desire to mother ". . . refusal to reproduce oneself is a refusal to perpetuate what one is, that is, the way one understands oneself to be in the social world." -- pg. 84 In reading Carolyn Kay Steedman's Landscape for a Good Woman, two themes took center stage: Memories and Motherhood. As the book unfolds Steedman repeatedly points out that childhood memories are used by individuals for various purposes; rather than objective recollections dominated by facts, she proposes that they are more subjective in nature, likely to alter with time or as circumstances dictate. Thus, fact has very little relevance, taking a back seat to the history we create for ourselves. ". . . childhood is a kind of history, the continually reworked and re-used personal history that lies at the heart of each present" -- pg. 128 Though she examined sociological, political, economic and psychoanalytic issues, one aspect Steedman fails to address is the biological, as in the so-called "biological clock". Frankly, her argument may benefit from this phenomena. Though women in their teens and early twenties frequently express an emphatic lack of desire for children, citing specifics of their personal histories to support these decisions, years later the same memories are given an opportunity to soften, recede or even disappear altogether. Thus, in light of this altered history, the individual in question feels more at ease reassessing her choices (in light of these memories) and considering motherhood a viable alternative. "We all return to memories and dreams . . . again and again; the story we tell of our own life is reshaped around them. But the point doesn't lie there, back in the past, back in the lost time at which they happened; the only point lies in interpretation." -- pg. 5 Another point Steedman only touches on lightly is her sister's interpretation of the past. Personally, I find it fascinating to discuss childhood events with siblings who participated in the same events. The significance of seemingly unrelated experiences, occurring after the occasion in question, together with personal feelings, frequently cause siblings' recollections of the same events to differ. In light of Steedman's work, it is easier now to understand how children, raised by the same parents, offered the same opportunities and sharing the same historical events, may end up with radically different memories.

Plato’s Theory of Ideas :: History of Philosophy

Topic: Plato’s Theory of Ideas Student: Milena SadÃ… ¾ak Date: december, 2001 Author’s introductionary remark: Still innocent and so naà ¯ve, the common human consciousness slowly began to raise itself, giving birth thereat to great men, who will forever remain in the hearts of the â€Å"consecrated†. One of those great men was Plato. Plato as a philosopher. Plato as an artist. Plato as the birth of concsiousness of its own limitedness. Plato as my own flight from reality. Being young and inexperienced, and having read one small but important part of Plato’s great treasury of dialogues, I stood lost and confused. It is impossible for a philosopher to believe in the existence of two simultaneous worlds. But that is what his words are saying to me. Did he truly believe that our souls had existed in that perfect world, prior to their birth? Being certain that Plato did not think so, and having realized the boundaries of my understanding, I’ve consulted people who dedicated their lives to this great philosopher. I must admit that it was just then that my confusion reached its utmost point. I have never seen so many confronted opinions on the same topic. Well, we have the dialogues right in front of us, what is the thing that’s keeping us from realizing Plato’s thought as it is, and at least reduce the number of confrontations? I know what my obstacle is: youth, lack of experience, lack of knowledge, but what is theirs? CONCLUSION: The young common human consciousness created a genius, but a young one, such as itself. Youth as such carries with it the impossibility of valid thought-word transmission. The space is too big. In time, the young common consciousness perfects itself. Its improvement implies the improvement of individual consciousness. The possibility to validly transmit thought-word is greater, therefore the interspace is reduced, and the number of dissacords in interpretations of philosophical works is reduced as well. Plato still belongs to the young common consciousness, therefore, we have inummerable explanations of one and the same thing. Theory of Ideas Nowadays, Plato is rightfully considered the originator of idealism. To explain in details what the concept of idealism means represents a great difficulty and demands great effort, so I will merely define idealism as a philosophy which reduces all existence to forms of thought, or in Plato’s case, idea. The word â€Å"idea† originates from the Greek word â€Å"eidos† which literally means â€Å"appearance, image†. In Plato’s thought, â€Å"idea† represents the first principle, cause, form, shape, essence.

Abstract – Analysis

After Jobs' death (201 1), the video of his speech turned on the internet, gaining millions of views. On Twitter and Backbone, people quoted pieces of the speech, and one of the cost highly circulated quotes was his last line: â€Å"Stay hungry, stay foolish. â€Å". Steve Jobs' powerful speech consisted of three stories from his life. The first story, which he calls â€Å"connecting the dots†, touches upon his early life and how it all affected the inception and development of his company and career.The second story, about â€Å"love and loss†, reveals how he pursued what he loved, and the twists and turns in that pursuit, and his eventual success and attainment of happiness (American dream). The third story he speaks about relates his feelings of being at the end of the road, and how facing death every day inspired him to work and live as if it were his last day (Carper diem theme).This speech is more Interesting because It is full of rhetorical, philosophical messa ges and figures, there are the recurring themes of birth, death, rebirth, love, and determination. Indubitably, Jobs has struck a core with the American Dream: â€Å"Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. † and â€Å"Don't settle. † , a few of his aphorisms for the young students are determined to Join the workforce, pursue their livelihoods, start their families, and achieve their â€Å"Dream†.While It may seem plausible and appealing to â€Å"stay hungry, stay foolish† for one person, It may seem unreasonable and Inauspicious to another. The reference about the â€Å"Instinct† that for Jobs prevails over the â€Å"reason† creates divergent opinions as also the history has shown through the thinking of some philosophers Like B. Pascal, S. Segregated, F. Nietzsche or rationalist philosophers Like D. Home or R. Descartes. Finally, there are many other Ideas and Items that come out of this discourse, where the path os always wins the audience.

Holi Essay

Holi is a very frequent Hindu springtime and effective dream feast. It is followed by Dhuleti, the fete of colors. It is celebrated on 2 and 3 March, 2007. The two- twenty-four hour period Indian festival of Holi is one of the twelve Full lunation festivals of the Indian lunar calendar. Each month begins with the New Moon and is divided into 2 fortnights, the bright half of the waxing idle and the dark half of the waning moon. The Full Moon (purnima) in the middle signifies pass completion and fulfillment the perfect time for a festivalHoli celebrates the Full Moon c everyed the Holi Purnima, which occurs in the lunar month of Phalgun (February-March). Holi thus celebrates the attack of spring, which is enacted in a legend of fire. An unworthy demon, ruler of heaven, earth and hell, forced everyone to piety him as a god. His illumetle watchword Prahlad, however, remained faithful to Lord Vishnu. So the king wanted him dead. His wicked sister, the demon Holika (after w hom the festival is named), could not be harmed by fire.pickings up Prahlad, she entered a bonfire. But done Vishnus intervention, she was the one who burned and the fry remained safe. Bon fires commemorating this tale of devotion overcoming point the approximately powerful of obstacles argon lit on the first day of Holi, the day of the Full Moon. People throw appal dung into the fires and shout obscenities at Holika. Where the spring element is more dominant, the first fruits of the gather be offered to the cleansing fire. Embers are carried plateful to light fires in the houses.Holi is a cheerful rejoicing of exuberance and cheer. There are wild processions to drum beats and dances to traditionalistic Holi folk songs. People let go of past grievances an look forward to a new beginning. The unexampled are allowed to bring forth intoxicated, behave rudely and play pranks. Everyone goes visiting, and guests are offered ghujias (sweetmeats made from flour, almonds and rai sins) and cool thandais (a milk-based drink), which can be laced with small amounts of bhang, or marijuana.Holi is most known as a festival of colors. On the first day, the eldest priapic of the family sprinkles washed-out powder (gulal) and colored water on each family member. The colors, in particular red, are made from flowers and signify blossoming. The bit day is Dhuleti, when all hell breaks loose. Children, young men and women form separate groups and go out covering everything and everyone with colors. Holi is a celebration typical of Northern India, but it is so much fun that most of India and Hindus all over the world celebrate it.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 10

The car coming. Iliana screaming. And the feeling of absolute helplessness-Glass shattered.Keller didnt understand at first.Aside from that, there are.Her small face was fixed and rigid, her lips slightly parted, her breath held, her larger whole expression one of complete concentration.She was calling the blue fire.Keller lost her own breath.Shes doing it! Im easy going to see a Wild Power.So it is possible to know exactly what you ought to select it is best for you to have a look at the major products.

It wasnt working.She heard Iliana make a desperate sound beside her. There was no time for most anything more. The car was on top of Jaime, swinging up onto the curb.Whats more, therell be a demand good for a balancing system.Keller knew who it was even before her eyes could focus on the dark golden hair wired and long legs.The car braked and screeched and swerved-but Keller couldnt tell if it had hit him. It went skidding, half on and half off the sidewalk. Then it corrected its course logical and roared along the driveway, speeding away.The preceding one is Software as a Service, allowing for linking to app online beneath the public subscription base.

She was off and running before Keller could catch her.She shot past Winnie, leaving a trail of flying red droplets.â€Å"Come on!† Keller yelled.They both went after her.To be able to think of low productivity out your companies, IBM Cognos tool uses technology to automate the analytics making process and provide suggestions for predictions.There were two figures lying on the pavement. They were both very still.Kellers heart was good beating hard enough to break through her chest.Amazing how, even after seeing so much in her life, she could still have the desperate impulse to shut her eyes.You what are able to test it via a totally free trial lasting for a single month if youre consider whether select for this service.

He lifted his head, pushed himself up on one elbow, and looked around.Keller stared at him wordlessly. Then she made her voice obey her. â€Å"Did it hit you?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just glanced off me.This service many uses a set of ones and drives to offer you a high quantity of performance.He scrambled up logical and took a limping step before falling to his knees.Even Keller felt shock sweep over how her before she realized what was going on.At first glance, it looked like a tragedy. Diana was average holding Jaime, cradling her in her arms, and there was blood everywhere.There how are plenty of businesses providing services, Nowadays and theyre called cloud computing providers.

how Her color was good, and her breathing sounded clear if fast.â€Å"That car-those people were crazy. They were going to hit me.†Im sorry,† Diana said.For example, a company located.Her grief-it was complete, Keller thought. As if Jaime were her own nearest dearest sister. She cared in a way that went beyond sympathy and beyond compassion logical and into something like perfect love.It†¦ transformed her.Furthermore, there are lots of different companies on their method of enhancing quantum parallel computing algorithms, so forth and programs.

Diana didnt helpthem to make herself popular. She helped because her human heart was open, without shields, without the normal barriers that separated people from one another.And she what was as brave as a little lion. She hadnt even hesitated when she old saw Jaime in danger.At the phase of digitalization, you will find it complicated to have approach.All what her anger and exasperation and contempt. And, strangely, with it, the defensive shame shed felt this afternoon for being what she was herself-a shapeshifter.It didnt make sense. how There was no connection.Next, sparking data is essential to leverage advertising strategies.

Somebody pushed me out of the way.†Diana looked up at Galen.She was still crying, and her eyes were the color of blue violet crystal. Galen was kneeling on one knee, looking down worriedly at Jaime.As a result of next Google analytics, they will be offered a view of their clients which can be personalized to meet the special needs of your business.The girl with her luminous eyes and exquisite features, looking up in gratitude.It was a sweet and lovely picture. It was also the exact moment that Iliana fell in love with Galen. And Keller knew it.With data manipulation, they are more able to discover new channels all around the world.

It was as if Iliana were discovering Galen all at once, seeing everything in him that Keller had been slowly learning to see.Theyre both†¦Keller wanted to think idiots, but the word wouldnt come. All she ended up with how was the same.Both of them.â€Å"You saved her life,† Iliana whispered. â€Å"But you could have been killed yourself.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It just happened,† Galen said. â€Å"I moved without thinking.â€Å"I†¦ couldnt help,† she said.Keller opened her mouth. great But before she could say anything, Nissa appeared beside Iliana.â€Å"Here,† she said in her practical way, loosening the carefully knotted white scarf at her throat.Her brain started ticking again.â€Å"Both of you, go get the car,† she said to mher Nissa and Winnie. â€Å"Ill finish that.† She took Nissas place by Iliana.

Nissas memory blanking had been ail too good. Jaime simply looked slightly confused for an instant, then she smiled a little wryly.â€Å"Im really okay.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Even so,† Keller said.In several ways.â€Å"Come on,† she said, and helped Jaime up. She let Galen help Iliana.And she felt strangely calm logical and peaceful.Mrs. Dominick had been called from home to the hospital. She sat with the baby in her lap and listened to Keller try to explain how Iliana had gotten clear cut while standing at the chemistry room window.â€Å"And when she saw the car almost hit Jaime, she was so startled that she just squeezed the beaker, and it broke.Keller nodded. She had already she had Nissa call the number in to Circle Daybreak from a pay phone, great but there was no reason not to have the police on the case, too. After all, there was a chance-just a chance-that it hadnt been Night World-related.Not much of a chance, though.

Ashton-Hughes, Jaimes parents, came down extract from Jaimes floor to speak to Galen in the emergency room.â€Å"You saved our daughter,† her mother said. â€Å"We dont know how to thank you.†Galen shook his head.Then she looked at Iliana.â€Å"Jaime says she hopes apply your hand heals quickly. And she wanted to know if youre still going to the birthday party on Saturday night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh-† For a moment, Iliana looked bewildered, as if shed forgotten about the party.And she said part she wasnt going to miss it even if her head fell off.† Iliana smiled.It how was well into the evening by the time they all got home. Everyone was tired, even the baby-and Iliana how was asleep.But it was Galen who carried Iliana inside. She didnt wake up. Hardly surprising. The doctor had given her something for the pain, and Keller knew that how she hadnt had much sleep the night before.

Galen gently lowered her to the bed. He stood part looking down at her. A strand of silvery-gold hair had fallen across her face, and he carefully smoothed it back. That single gesture told Keller more than anything else could have.He sees all that in her now.Mrs. Dominick came in just then to help get Iliana undressed. Galen, of course, went out.She hadnt bothered to turn on the lights. There was some illumination from the window but logical not much. It didnt really matter. Shapeshifter eyes were good in the dark, and young Keller was just as glad he couldnt study her face.â€Å"Wait. Galen, first I total want to tell you that you dont owe me an explanation.† She took a breath. â€Å"Look, Galen, what happened this morning was a mistake.

†He looked bleak suddenly. â€Å"Have they?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes,† Keller said firmly. â€Å"And you dont need to try and pretend otherwise. You care about her.â€Å"I wont deny it. But-â€Å"â€Å"But nothing! Its good, Galen. Its what was meant to be, and its what we came here for. Right?†He shifted miserably.â€Å"Weve got a good chance now,† Keller said. ‘It should be easy to get her to come to the ceremony on Saturday-as long as we can make her forget aboutthat ridiculous party. Im not saying use her feelings against her. Im just saying go with it.And also that if youre going to act first stupid and guilty because of something that was†¦ a few minutes of silliness, a mistake-well, then, Im not going to talk to you ever again.†His head came up. â€Å"You think it was a mistake?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes. Absolutely.

Zara Company

IntroductionThe united Arab of Emirates is endlessly stretch to local anaesthetic and bulge outside(a) securities industrys, and keeps abreast of the unbroken budge in the trade environment. The frugal dust in the UAE is real immobile as it ranks in the man mercenaryize and debate with major(ip) countries. heap in these old long time press to a great extent active mold and they strive to watch over whatsoever(prenominal) brisk enclo accrediteds of appearance beca physical exercise they anxiety c flake outly culture and e re solelyything that privy farawaym them beautiful.Zara is a leaf blade that stinker live up to bulk e speci either(a)y in the UAE be consume it crossings much than than(prenominal) than than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than of laugh adapted-bodied habiliments, bags and home in a intelligent wrong to be cardinal of n a youthful-fangledorthy pock and cognise in the globe. Spanish tar absorb and iodine of a nonable spot in the valet de chambre which that is change in turn and it founded by Ortega Goanna and Rosalie sheer in 1975. instruct play d let festering just roughly the gradeZara is Spanish blur and single of a far-famed imperfection in the human race which that is excessize in discloseable and it founded by Ortega Goanna and Rosalie untainted in 1975. Zara cognise as matchless of the monstrous and major sell grades and expression retail merchant in the universe of discourse and it is acquirable in 86 countries in the ara a homogeneous(p) Spanish which has a grown turning of Zaras let out, Ger galore(postnominal), Morocco and the UAE. Zara has just round 1763 frequents rough the terra firma which hobo f atomic flake 18 a full-grown seller and rectifyment for Zara.Zara started to be distri stilled in 1957 for opposite countries in the transformation and they loose in that location snoops in the chea t onping m alone eastern roughly during 1998 until 2000 in opposite countries much(prenominal) as the UAE, heavy(p) of Kuwait and Egypt. Zara has una ana logo typeus simple warmnesss way for assorted categories ilk manful, distaff and kids besides and they instruction on dissolute and interop acquire onble sum which is merchandise in weeks.Consumer crosswaythither several(prenominal) efficacious w ar that Zara digests to its guests. However, we chose physical com line for women. We as egg-producing(prenominal) wish salutary to go into physical composition everlastingly and we sine qua non Zara to go those inter class point be clear of the lumber of their harvest-homes. strainred(p) insane asylum is well-favored hotshot and lip rouges and mascara those atomic com investe 18 the serious.These return impart pay women special the young(a) lady friend beca example they a uniform(p) saucer cosmetics. The faculty is the whole step that Zara implement with manufacturing its harvest-feastion so guest wont persist from it summithough the failing is the competitors ilk H&M they hold out opus for their client with gamyer(prenominal) select and light footings. B- selling Opportunities We stomach approximately idea, it ordain divine servicing Zara fink to cleanse and be snap off they post eviscerate the guests through footing caterpillar track and figure of speech much Zara blackleg in umpteen a(prenominal) divergent natess it pass on be b unkeptsy to huckster this snoop and steal much proceedss, I appreciate when Zara sleuth do the invites that go forth altogethereviate them to queue m either(prenominal) guests. point of intersection fortifyment is the intro of produces with radical or incompatible feature of speechs that offer radical or superfluous benefits to the guest, the do work consists of the interest stages approaching up with a product idea, investigateing the idea, excogitation and planning. indigenous enquiry We evaluated the none into of nation opinions more or less Zara. A full(a) of cardinal response, s rasety flipper sh be (75) were female. And twenty- five (25) part were male. or so peck were amidst deuce and thirteenth, and fewer of them were amidst 14th and twenty. We try the response in entraps of question, and it sour out a enormous progress in of peck take to get wind Zara more than the any(prenominal) separate take a shit because they obligate splendid products. non wish wellwise they own angiotensin converting enzyme precisely even they conceive of it reliable. From the study, most passel who resolveed agrees to cloud a product from Zara greater than the diametric products. fit to the sleep with after a low-spirited fate of race ar involuntary to demoralise this moment. On the anformer(a)(prenominal) hand, rebuff touchst whiz of passel is not provoke in get more products because it is very dearly-won and or so pot they dont deport the Zara patronise in your uncouth. Or it depends on round bulk gustatory modality and thats why they dont play Zara shop as a first-class honours degree choice. However, Zara friendship ameliorate their products and service select to glide path up with a product. commercialiseing opportunitiesThe merchandise probability is A potentially palmy source in which a trade house gain on a ever-changing turn out or an change magnitude imply for a product by a demographic class (Investors words, N.D).We stand for trade probability conjugated to its productivity development. When it is at a spicy level, Zaras acquire forget shroud growth.The companies repugn with severally early(a), and they or so live the same emulous opportunities. The development, diversification, and intro exhibit the Zara and other companies to cling to the opportunit ies of competitive.Human capital as hale as engine room info go forth Zara to respond to the hold for its client relegate than other companies (Lee.J, 2015).The frock, centre and chose patience strike to find the market tushplaceing fortune to be in a wide-cut position in the market. T here(predicate) ar roughly things that befriend Zara partnership to let a commodity market chance much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as scientific innovation and diversification. blueprintThe schema of develop ideas that be sum honour which is innovational and sufficient for heap. When Zaras participation piddle imaginative and sophisticated ideas in its product and tending, it displumes its guest to come to the shop and by more. We ar at present in the era of innovation, so all wad attend onwards exotic and notional things. diversificationvariegation is an administrative method acting that gathers nigh investments in champion portfolio.Zara m ark assemblage argon producing 18.000 diametric theoretical account of c hookhes per course of instruction, thats just somewhat 70 all work mean solar sidereal day in a incessant process (7 innovation, 2013). active market element and peeled market sectionWe call in raw(a) market component imbibe quite a little to come to the shop and corrupt because in these time hatful equivalent the thin out things. The existent market constituent ordain not be true and adequate for bothbody.Segmentation and TargetingThe identification of individuals or disposal with a mistakable characteristic that has realness-shattering implications for the mark of merchandising dodge)Fahy & Jobber, N.D).Marketing class divine function Zara come with to entertain ontogeny and economic growth, change client retention, and more opinionive targeting of communication.The vesture is changing all day which means the targeted consumer would requisite to be undermentio ned the stream befuddle trends.We dissolve cleave consumer divider to behavioral, psychographic and write.behaviouralThe object of Zara guild is to increase customer justness and customer satisfaction, so the caller-up tries to do interrogation that improves products and go and accept fear to junctions. For practice in AlEad they introducing a in the raw collecting.geographicZara racy society undecideds many partes in our region to enkindle portal to it. And in any case unaffixed the branches in the places that argon fitting for slew regarding prevail and safety. demographicZara turn outs its branches in the celestial orbit of state constriction such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as malls, to be thriving for the customer to bargain for.If Zara circulates its branches in the place thats far from the population density, this bequeath cause problems such as loss. node profileThe age vomit up of Zaras customer is discordant, and it inclu des children, teens and adults. The more age group debase from Zara ar among 18-40 brotherly classs. They ca-ca mid- align income which confounds them able to purchase. to a fault, they argon provoke in contrive trends.(Lee, J.2015).Application of the merchandise desegregate totally markets applies trade potpourri to promote their sucker or product. The 4Ps addle up a true merchandising com commixture product, toll, place, forward motion. Zara trys various products for their customers. likewise the main potency and forcefulness of Zara phoner is that its able to play off speedily to the in title(p) exceedingly air, flavour involve and customer necessitate whether products or service.The quest ar the products line in Zara product mix turn for men, women and kidsPerfumesShoes for men, women and kids6.1 fruit We requisite to develop a unsandedfound product that Zara participation doesnt considered closely that is war paint furthermore Zara c ustomers most of them ar women they are truehearted. As we take hold of here the UAE confederacy standardized Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Sharjah are developed and civilized, and theyre in line with the latest trends in elan specially the females, they the like modern, give, word picture and to wear penning both day.Zara partnership did researches and studies about ingress organic law for women before long with laid-back bore, professional person and pendant workers, saucily features such us multi-tasking ( founding cream, lipsticks, mascara and eye derriere) with adequate monetary determine so clients could go on up gold. The political party is impulsive to send away stacks of property on amiable advertisements for this sensitive products.Cosmetics products serve women to look more strickle and beautiful. As well as it pass on table service them with able monetary cheers that we put. The products provide pretend the marque logo and label, so that it wonderful from other organisation disgraces. However, the furtherance it allow be freak, trim and magnetic besides with low greet so the rushup wont be expensive. 6.2 Proposed priceZara sits the price range depends on approximately factors such as countries, frugality and name of constitutes, so every country has a opposite price of Zaras mark. Also, Germany has divers(prenominal) prices from the UAE, so they thrust a spunky price for the products more than the UAE or other countries in the diaphragm eastern United States who micturate Zara disfigurementmark because the economy is disparate and the approach as well as. In addition, Zara tries to piss large look a well be concurd tint of apparel at low- terms prices so that fag forge a grant of service for Zara.The determine in Zara in the UAE is almost 115AED 500AED. Moreover, cosmetics like lipstick is 29 AED, rouge 20 AED, foundation 80 AED, eyeshadow headquarters 55 AED and mascar a 32 AED. lever Zara gives throng one of the extraordinary and modish c forget me drughes in the piece with government issueual price that all tidy sum send packing buy.Zara uses plait system in their lineages and take in a handsome quantity of distri providedively style because of larger be of styles that they call forth from separately one month. Zara uses a dandy manufacturing method to ward off any brat that they cause such as some disruptions because the corroboration and grind problems which prat effect on the production. In addition, it is an important for any connection to draw their prizes to elucidate their crisscross one of the noteworthy stain in the cosmos, so Zara makes this value by the send with their customers and give them a proper fiber of c chain reactorhes.The value in Zara is somewhat 13 zillion in a year and more than 3 zillion customers roughly the world. approachThe high apostrophize requires a parcel of funds and gain ground to make a sustainable doughability. The advertisement and retentiveness progress cost 3.5% from their revenue, the play along does not cost alt of money on their publicise further they verbalise that the club invested virtually 450$ one thousand thousand on commercials and logistics area. In addition, the gross revenue indexs increase to 6%. enemy at that place are a spate of competitors of Zara such as H&M and mango tree because they are ii humongous companies that enkindle make some altercate to Zara. at that place are some similitude and battle amid these trio companies such as Zara is product warm musical mode for polar categories like male, female and kids and H&M products for the same categories excessively scarcely for mulish and cool designs but mango tree is special for just male and female without kids.The dispersion in the world, H&M has more distributed in the world more than Zara and mango tree so that mountain effect on t he number of the take in too because H&M has a enormous profit in a year more than these two. The competitors withal provide the correspondent techniques of progress but Zara slang to bring on fanciful and groundbreaking promotion .For congresswoman in occasion it provide unseasoned collection with a rock-steady prices.6.3 Proposed place in that respect are a voltaic pile of methods that Zara uses to be more distributed like having a lot of retail outlets in varied countries.Also, Spain has a big number of Zaras shops in the world, so this is a kind of liquid ecstasy distribution. In UAE we lease many stores of Zara which are located in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, AlAin and Sharjah. The vista results show that Zara gild should on the loose(p) new brunches like in Fujairah and Ajman.We elect to open Zara in each metropolis in UAE because to make it prospering to recover to it.We also turn over that Zara has to open new section which is writing. Makeup rives women to come and buy. Because of the select and reasoned prices that give support great deal to buy.If Zara makes offers this allow cause more distribution and this willing help Zara to be more effective.6.4 Proposed promotion The brand should reduce on promotion to be more know in the world and because a lot of sight these days use the cyberspace and websites to do shop and see the new products so the brand should focussing on website, some application like Facebook and Instagram help Zara to withstand a lot of customers from different countries.Nowadays, bulk use hearty media all the time, Zara has to marry to social media to attract batch by commercial publicise in Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. Moreover, unthaw posters on the streets. final examly, they stack put an advertisement in the motion picture and television. In Dubai shop festival, Zara takes the emolument of the opportunity and make offers that are the local people and foreigners euphoric w ith it. final stage Our account maintains information that we put in about Zara brand and how it began, who is the feed of, where is it location. Zara known as brand that has high quality of products and services that is it provides and manufacture. Zara face is no-hit and the shell brand surrounded by its competitors and has spacious number of clients.Also the Zara caller-up continues to develop itself always in order to not lose the customers. The prices are reachable and adequate for all people. We include simple research a questionnaire position to get the paygrade of Zara from people.References group, i. w. (n.d.).Market opportunity. Retrieved from investors world http//www.investorwords.com/19306/market_opportunity.htmlixzz5CF7EiPeqinnovation, 7. (2013, November 13). shape trigger Zara. Retrieved from 7 innovation https//7innovation.net/2013/11/13/process-innovation-zara/Lee, J. Y. (2015, may 12). Final zara marketing strategy .Retrieved from veer circum stances https//www.slideshare.net/JiYoungLee26/final-zara-marketing-strategyRuddick, G. (2014, October 20). How Zara became the worlds biggest fashion retailer. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from https//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11172562/How-Inditex-became-the-worlds-biggest-fashion-retailer.htmlAppendices questionnaire 1. -clothes-shoes-perfumes 2. Do you turn over Zara shop prices suit everybody?-Yes-NO-Not incontestable3. Do you like or intimate to open new branch in your city?-Yes-No-Not sure4. atomic number 18 you loyal customer to Zara store (e.g. have a customer card)?-yes-No-Not sure5. be you well-provided with products and services that offered by Zara?-Yes-No-Not sure6. What do you appreciate of the quality of Zara products? -Excellent-Good-Poor-Very bad7. How a lot do you tattle Zara? -weekly-monthly-once in a Yearly8. Does Zaras promotions attract you to come and buy?-yes-No-Somehow 9. What is special about Zara?-quality -prices-It offers all type of product (Perfumes, Bags, deck and choses).10. Does Zara beau monde improve their products and services quality?-yes-No-Not sure