Critically discuss the historical-cultural context of human rights Essay

Critically discuss the historical-cultural context of clement rights. Does their context differ across cultural boundaries and if - Essay ExampleIn academic literature, the school of thought that who argued against universality in relation to human rights ar today establishing sore perspectives regarding human rights. This school of thought, now incorporates cultural elements within a universal concept cogitate to human rights, instead of directly criticizing the idea of universality (Hey 2000, p.17). This approach interpreted in regard to human rights paves way for a focus on various issues affecting the indian lodge and the implications in terms of establishing human rights that are recognized internationalistly. Further, there is a likelihood of a new universalism being born as a go forth of globalization. This new universalism link to significant developments that have occurred globally in terms of theories and politics relate to human rights. In practice, various righ ts that exist within the confederation are now viewed as being interdependent. However, there is also an increasing recognition of cultural diverseness thus resulting in varying concepts related to rights in regard to a new universalism. For example, the establishment of the internationally recognized criminal tribunals in countries such as the Netherlands or Tanzania, reflect on a consensus for international responsibility, and also accountability in regard to serious crimes that are against humanity. In essence, this paper explores the historical-cultural context related to universality of human rights. (Hey 2000, p.19). Universality is an important characteristic related to human rights and by definition, human rights denotes the rights getable to every human being and hence, considered universal. Each human being is considered a holder of human rights that are independent of their origin, their daily activities, where they reside and their citizenship or community. Universali ty in regard to human rights is much influenced by other factors associated with human rights, and human rights are categorical, egalitarian and indivisible (Onuma 2001, p.33). In essence, a review of universalism and relativism reveals a build-up of two different terminologies, however the counterpart of the former term is particularism and for the latter term is absolutism. The main origin for the misconception revolves around an assumption identifying universalism as being only legitimate through absolute justification. As a result, a relative means of legitimization can establish only a justification considered relative. The result in this sense related to the proponents advocating for human rights tends to establish an absolute justification in terms of the set human rights. This assumption is influenced by the view that relative justification is not appropriate to establish universality related to human rights (Onuma 2001, p.42). On the other hand, it could be argued that th is two terms lack direct association, which creates consequences in regarding to evolution an understanding of the universality related to human rights, and also attempt to establish a justification. Human rights often struggles as a result of particular interests among states that place priority for sovereignty over universality related to human rights. In addition, the private sector also impacts on human rights as a result of focusing on self-regulating approaches and capitalizes to establish their influence relative to certain limits. Further, this challenge forms part of

Community corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Community corrections - Essay ExampleFurthermore, society correction officers ar now be required to perform more duties for the criminals as compared to the past and their salaries have not been ontogenyd in obligingness with the increase in their duties. The policy makers need to read this article and realize and accept these issues and increase the championship of community corrections and increase the salaries paid to community correction officers. Furthermore, the policy makers even need to increase in the number of community correction officers to share the workload. The article is even very helpful for those who are pursuing a career in the field of criminal justice system or who purpose to become the administrators of community correction. It informs them about the challenges they will be facing in future as community correction managers as well as community correction officers. This article can even be used by students and educationists to research the field of communi ty corrections and find solutions to the problems faced by this

Messaging to Prepare for future challenges Essay

pass along to Prepare for future ch eachenges - Essay ExampleComparison and contrast the ways that the leader used electronic messaging (communication) to institute MyBlueprint and prepare HCL Technologies and Axon for the acquisition Although such(prenominal) an approach was deemed as somewhat radical, the fact of the yield is that it allowed for the end follow-ups, high end oversight, to gain a more informed and realistic model of litigate with regards to what changes and development was necessary in helping to firm to engage in a further take aim of profitability for each component part and individual sector. This was useful due to the fact that it allowed the middle management to derive and achieve a level of accountability and honesty with regards to the processes and goals that they were ultimately responsible for rather than unless putting forward talking points that would likely deviate from the root goals and endeavors that the firm sought to effect. What was noticed was that although such a process was radical and engendered a degree of risk, it nonetheless was highly useful in providing a degree of oversight that was instrumental in detailing and establishing a baseline of performance with regards to any and all upcoming changes that could seek to promote further responsibility and profitability indoors the firm. With regards to Axon and the strategy that was employed as a result of the merger, this too differentiated itself from the approach that so many firms mistakenly moderate with respect to the way in which such a business marriage takes place. As such, rather than desire to bring Axon directly in line with the directives that HCL Technologies had previously been operating under, they CEO determined that the exceed way in which to maximize the potential that could exist between the two was to seek to leverage an apprehensiveness of the fact that Axon was acquired due to the fact that it had the potential to maximize the relationsh ip that the two firms could sustain working in a symbiotic relationship. What is meant by this is that Axon was not acquired so that the two could behave in an identical manner rather, the CEO came to the understanding that the firms, although now part of a singular entity, must pertain to exhibit the key strengths that they had prior to being organized under one banner. Moreover, the weaknesses that the two firms exhibited must be approached from the baseline of understanding that these should be worked to be minimized without reducing the effectiveness that had at once been exhibited by both entity. In such a manner, a differentiated and unique plan of management and standardization, as salubrious as oversight, was required to be initiated to ensure that the synergy could be maximized without diminishing the overall competence that they formerly brought to bear. Analyze the effectiveness of the internal and external messaging (communication) With regards to the effectiveness o f the internal and external messaging (communication) that was use as a function of making the aforementioned goals a reality, the CEO opted first and foremost to review the process in its entirety among fellow stakeholders (upper and middle management) as a means of targeting any weaknesses within the model that had formerly

Philadelphia (1993) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philadelphia (1993) - Research Paper ExampleFar skilful escorts also view the AIDS pandemic as a God sent weapon to destroy the homo informal population. match Friedman-Kien AE (1981), the views of the spiritual right on matters of human immunoneediness virus can be conditioned as Dissident science. This term comes from the fact that the theories put forward by the religious right have no scientific backing. It is adverse that for a long time the views of the religious right heavily impacted on policy discourses of the complaint. This reputation explores the responses AIDS activist media reacted to the dissident science on human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS as constructed by the religious right. In particular, the paper explores the homosexual dimension of the HIV/AIDS debate as espoused by the photograph Philadelphia (1993). The causation debate Scientifically, it is known that HIV/AIDs is caused by the transfer of body fluids containing the viruses from one mortal to anoth ers bloodstream. The primary method of infection of the ailment is sexual relation back. Male to male intercourse is not a HIV risk by itself. Instead, two other conditions must be met for transmission to occur. These conditions are one of the partners has to be infected with the virus, and intercourse must result in introduction of the HIV virus into the blood stream of the uninfected partner (Duesberg, 1989). In the United States most transmissions occur among gay men. While globally most transmission occur in between heterosexual sexual partners. Since, the 1980 and 1990 the trend of higher infections in homosexual population has continued in the United States (Duesberg, 1989). It is worth noting that when the disease was first diagnosed in the United States it was recorded among Homosexual populations. This gave rise to strongly held prejudice among religious right activists that HIV/AIDS is a disease for zippy people (Marcus, 2002). The religious activist made it erupt li ke the disease was caused by Gay men and then spread to the rest of the heterosexual population. Initially, HIV/AIDS was referred by names that closely tied with the gay sexual orientation. According to Andriote (1999), early reports of the disease referred to it as the gay plague, gay cancer or the Gay disease. Early researchers referred to it as the Gay-related immune deficiency (GRID). The homosexual community responded to this branding of the disease as homosexual disease by mobilizing demonstration. In 1986, Gay AIDs activists were called to action to deflect an editorial that linked HIV/AIDS with the group. William F. Buckley had published an article in March 1986 asserting It is both a fact and the popular perception that AIDS is the special torture of the Homosexual (Andriote, 1999). The article went further to propose the branding of gay men with AIDS at the tail and drug addicts on the arm. The Article led to the formation of the Swift and Terrible Retribution Committee. In submersion camp uniforms the retribution council picketed the headquarters of Buckleys National Review in Manhattan (Afshar, n.d). The Gay and Lesbian coalescency against defamation started the media activism by organizing demonstration against homophobic and AIDS phobic c all overage of HIV issues all over America (Vaid, 1995). Most of the demonstrations targeted the New York Times which was accused of being deliberately biased against

Breast cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Breast pubic louse - Essay ExampleThe term metastatic is employ when breast malignancy spreads to additional sections of the body (National Cancer Institute, 4). When 15 -20 per cent of the tumors shows a strong presence of the HER2, the condition is referred to as HER2 positive breast crabmeat. When this cancer is not treated, then extremely poor prognosis which leaves fast date to lapse or progression compared to HER2 negative breast cancer. Breast cancer happens to be the most common and prevalent cancer among women in the entire world (Hoffmann, 2). About 1.5 million cases are reported all(prenominal) year. These are new cases, leaving a chance form other million of cases which go unreported. workforce can in any case be diagnosed with breast cancer although in extremely rare cases. Breast cancer among men accounts for less that 1 per cent in the world. Breast cancer has got mevery risk factors. The bulk cases of breast cancer are reported among women who are above 50 yea rs. The cancer is cognise to fade is families with a history of the cancer (National Cancer Institute, 4). It is also common in the late cases of the first maternity and among kinsfolk with a history of benign breasts ailments and diseases. A long menstrual life, which leads to a prolonged film to hormones, is classified as a risk factor to this devastating disease. Furthermore, the use of hormone replacement therapy which occurs frequently after menopause is viewed as another way of exposing the body the hormones making it assailable to breast cancer (Hoffmann, 2). Lifestyle risk factors are viewed as weighty reasons, which when, checked can help control the disease. They take on physical inactivity and high alcohol intake. Being obese or overweight after menopause and a high fat diet is classified as lifestyle risk factors. In instal to identify these risk factors, there are many epidemiological research and studies. However, having one or some(prenominal) risk factors d oes not mean that one has the disease. These are cases where the victims of breast cancer fail to show any risk factors (National Cancer Institute, 4). In the early stages of breast cancer, there are no symptoms. However, some of the known symptoms include changes in the nipple. This can lead to unusual secretion of discharge (National Cancer Institute, 4). This can also be accompanied by rashes around the nipple area. Another symptom is the change in work on or size of the breast. The most commonly known symptom is a hard lump that develops in the armpit of breast. This lump occurs on one side of the breast or the armpit (National Cancer Institute, 4). Changes in the skin are also a common symptom. This may lead to redness, dimples and puckering. There are a number of treatments associated with breast cancer (Hoffmann, 2). They include radiotherapy, surgery, hormonal therapies and chemotherapy. The use of these therapies is not standardized. They can be used alone or combined depe nding on the stage of breast cancer. The surgery includes mastectomy or lumpectomy. This is the best pickax or treatment among the patients whose cancer has not spread to other body parts. Some of the most vulnerable parts, when the cancer begins to spread included the lungs and chest walls. Radiotherapy is therapy with radiation which is directed to the place of the tumor, and it may be used on top of surgery. The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is to lessen the probability of recurrent cancer. The treatment disposed(p) after surgery is known as adjuvant therapy. Neo adjuvant therapy is a situation

Sales Operations and Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales Operations and Planning - Assignment ExampleThe gross revenue team forget support the promotion mix through demonstrating professional understanding of the harvest. Their customer-centered attitude is expected to generate happiness and the confidence to buy the products among customers (Belch & Belch, 2006). Their appearance through dressing in branded T-shirts and caps leave behind be noteworthy in promoting the product as well as the companys presence in the UK. The salespeople will offer essential advice to customers regarding the application of products to ensure that they derive maximum utility. The job descriptions of salespeople and their remuneration plans also exact to reflect the corporate objectives. This alignment is a significant step aimed at maintaining the financial well-being of the company. It motivates the sales team to engage in activities that enhance corporate objectives by avoiding sever connections between what the organization is nerve-wracking t o accomplish and the aims of the sales team. If the alignment is not established, there is a likelihood of the sales people overemphasizing on certain products or activities that they associate with maximal gains in terms of compensation while disregarding others (Stone & Jacobs, 2001). This may negatively influence the companys market expansion especially in the efforts for new product launch as salespeople focus much of their energies on the already established products in the market and few efforts to the slow-moving and less known products.

Critical Assessment of a Brief of Evidence from the Perspective of the Essay

Critical Assessment of a Brief of recount from the Perspective of the Police Officer Checking the Brief - Essay ExampleSince, there is a wide sectionalization in the facts of cases this application by the control board is to a very large extent aquiline on the application of commonsense and community perceptions. Moreover, the law is such that the level of justifiable self-defence is significantly dependant on the level of danger presented by an attacker.Furthermore, a defendant cannot be convicted for an offence unless the court is convinced first, that the defendant committed the act alleged by the prosecution and second, that the defendant had the intention to commit that act.In other words, it has to be established beyond any doubt that the act was something about which the defendant was advised and had all intent to commit. Such inferences can be drawn if no other rational or reasonable conclusion can be surmised from the turn out presented by the prosecution.In cases whe re the evidence discloses a executable defence of self defence the onus remains throughout upon the prosecution to establish that the accused is shamed of the crime of murder and the onus is never upon the accused to establish this defence1. In this connection in The faery v Howe2 it was held that, The state of the law appears to be that once a ground is disclosed by the evidence upon which a plea of self defence may arise, it is essential to a conviction of murder that the jury shall be satisfied beyond reasonable